General Practitioners

• Arthritis
  There are a lot of causes of uveitis. The severity and location of the inflammation can help guide the ophthalmologist as to what the underlying cause may be. However, in the majority of cases, the cause of the uveitis is never identified. Some of the more common causes of uveitis include autoimmune disease, eye injury and eye infections. These autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis are conditions in which the body attacks its own tissue.
• Cryotherapy
  Pneumatic retinopexy is a treatment option usually performed in the office setting for certain types of retinal detachments. Pneumatic retinopexy involves injecting a long acting gas bubble into the vitreous cavity, usually along with laser surgery or freezing cryotherapy, to help reattach certain types of retinal detachments. Your retina specialist will discuss with you whether pneumatic retinopexy is a recommended treatment option for your retinal detachment.
• Medical Weight Loss
  Sudden loss of central or side vision is the most common symptom. You may notice loss of side vision in the lower half of reading vision. ION generally does not cause any other symptoms, such as pain or double vision. The risk of brain stroke is no greater for people with ION. People with temporal arteritis often have many more symptoms. Headaches, and tenderness over the temple region is common. Joint aches and pains commonly affect the shoulders and hips. They may also feel tired and run a fever, combined with recent weight loss.
• Primary Care
  NAION- there is no proven treatment for NAION. Involvement of the other eye occurs in about 20-30% of people. Therefore it is very important to work with your primary care physician to make sure any underlying diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or sleep apnea is under control. Some researchers believe that taking blood pressure medications at night can contribute to NAION. If possible try and take any blood pressure medications in the morning.
• High Cholesterol

Ophthalmologists

• Glaucoma
  There are many different causes for a retinal vein occlusion. No single cause can explain the reason for every patient. The cause of a Retinal Vein Occlusion may be discovered thorough an evaluation of the retina or a general medical evaluation. Sometimes, the source of a Retinal Vein Occlusion cannot be identified, despite having a through examination and testing. Typically this condition occurs in individuals greater than 50 years old. Diseases that can contribute to the formation of a Retinal Vein Occlusion include high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, blood clotting disorders and glaucoma. The other eye can develop a retinal vein occlusion in 10% of people.
• Ophthalmology
  Dr. Spalding is Board certified by the American Board of Ophthalmology. He is an active member of such professional societies as the American Society of Retina Specialists, American Academy of Ophthalmology, New York State Ophthalmological Society and New York State Medical Society. He has served as Chief of Ophthalmology at Crouse Hospital in Syracuse since 2008. He is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at SUNY Upstate Medical University and on the medical staff of the Syracuse Veterans Administration Hospital. In these local roles, he teaches ophthalmology residents and medical students.
• Macular Degeneration
  The retina is the layer of specialized nerve tissue lining the back of the eye that allows you to see. The macula lies at the very center of the retina. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition in which the macula is damaged as it ages, causing blurry and distorted vision. The condition affects both distance and close vision and can make some activities (like threading a needle or reading) very difficult or impossible. More than 13 million people in the United States have AMD. Macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe vision loss in people over 65.
• Laser Eye Surgery
  Where most of our surgery is performed. We work very closely with the anesthesia staff who have extensive experience dealing with eye surgery patients. Typically your procedure will be performed using a local anesthetic along with sedation, however occasionally patients do require a general anesthetic.
• Cataracts
  RP is usually diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. Unfortunately it is a progressive disorder. The rate of vision loss varies from person to person. Most people continue to have some useful vision for their entire life. The best predictor of the amount and rate of vision loss is the history of affected family members. If other affected family members with RP have kept useful vision over their life, then typically the affected person will have useful vision for their life. Since people with RP can also develop other eye disease such as cataracts it is important to see an ophthalmologist every year.
• Cataract Surgery
  Retina specialists focus their work on the retina, which is the layer of specialized nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye and is responsible for helping you to see. The Retina specialist is most often consulted when there is a problem with the vision that can no longer be corrected with glasses and or cataract surgery. Any condition in which there is decreased vision, which cannot be explained by a problem with the front of the eye (eyelids, cornea or lens) could involve an evaluation by retina specialists.
• Eye Exam
  Your retina specialist can often detect vitreomacular traction syndrome by examining your retina using a dilated eye exam. A retinal scan called an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is used to document the severity of the vitreomacular traction (figure 2). A photographic test called a fluorescein angiogram is useful in assessing if there is any damage to the surrounding blood vessels. For this test, fluorescein dye is injected into a vein. A series of photographs are taken of the retina as the dye passes through the back of the eye.

Gynecologists

• Pregnancy

Internists

• Internal Medicine
  Dr. Spalding earned a Bachelor of Science/Medicine degree with Highest Honors at The University of Louisville, where he also completed Medical School and an Internship in Internal Medicine before moving to Atlanta to complete his Residency in Ophthalmology at Emory University. He served as Chief Resident during his third year and remained at Emory for two more years of Fellowship in Vitreoretinal Disease and Surgery.
• Lung Cancer
  AREDS 2 also studied whether beta carotene, which is contraindicated in smokers given a higher risk of developing lung cancer, could be eliminated from the supplement.

Endocrinologist

• Diabetes Care
• Diabetic Retinopathy
  The retina is the layer of specialized nerve tissue lining the back of the eye that allows you to see. A healthy retina is critical for normal vision. The abnormally high levels of blood sugar associated with diabetes can cause damage to the small blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina. Without the proper amount of oxygen and nutrients over time, the retina can become damaged. This damage to the retinal blood vessels is called diabetic retinopathy. The disease affects half of all people diagnosed with diabetes.

Radiologist

• Ultrasound
  This is a painless test that makes use of high-frequency sound waves to image the inside of the eye. The ultrasound allows your retinal surgeon to image the inside of the eye even when there is no way to see into the eye on the clinical exam.

Surgeons

• General Surgery
  At RVS our fellowship-trained surgeons provide a full array of in-office and hospital-based state-of-the-art laser and surgical treatments. If you are scheduled or considering surgery for your retinal condition. Learn More

Plastic Surgeons

• Plastic Surgery
  The practice of ophthalmology, like the practice of medicine itself, is divided up into many more specialized disciplines. For example, some ophthalmologists specialize in ocular plastic surgery, others in glaucoma. Retina specialists are ophthalmologists who only treat disease of the retina. We are medical doctors that have completed all of the requirements and training to become ophthalmologists and in addition gone beyond and completed a 2-year surgical fellowship in medical and surgical retina.

Dermatologists

• Skin Cancer
  A melanoma is a type of cancer that results in the unregulated growth of the pigmented cells in the body called melanocytes. Melanomas can occur anywhere in the body where these pigmeted cells exist, including inside of the eye. Melanoma can occur in several areas of the eye including the iris, ciliary body, and choroids (figure 1).
• Cyst
• Fungus
  Histoplasmosis is a disease that is caused by spores of a fungus called histoplasma capsulatum. This particular fungus is found in places where there is an accumulation of bird and/or bat droppings. When the ground is dug up for planting crops, chicken coops are swept or holes are dug, the spores of the fungus are released and can be breathed in through the lungs. This causes mild flu or cold-like symptoms and the body normally fights off the infection within a few days without treatment.