Ophthalmologists

• Glaucoma
  Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) testing is a method of measuring not only central vision, but a patient's entire scope of vision. Importantly, HVF can detect vision loss that may be unnoticed otherwise. It is very useful in monitoring glaucoma patients and those with damage to the occipital cortex of the brain. HVF is also useful to assess the vision in macular disease and optic neuropathy.
• Ophthalmology
  Steven M. Williams, MD is a graduate of Binghamton University, where he earned a physics degree with highest honors. After completing medical school at the Medical College of Virginia, he was a surgical intern at Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY. He completed specialty training in ophthalmology at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD which included instruction at The Johns Hopkins University Wilmer Ophthalmologic Institute. During his final year he served as Chief Resident and received the Outstanding Resident Award.
• Macular Degeneration
  Macular Edema is caused by of a variety of retinal conditions, including macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, vein occlusion, and cystoid macular edema. Kenalog, a synthetic steroid, can "tighten" leaky vessels and reduce macular edema. Anti-VEGF medications including Avastin, Lucentis, and Eylea also reduce macular edema. These medications work by inhibiting VEGF, a substance which causes retinal vessels to leak.
• Cataracts
  B-Scan Ultrasonography, or ophthalmic ultrasound, utilizes sound waves to image ocular tissue. High frequency sound waves travel through the eye and are reflected by ocular structures. These reflections form an image of the eye. Importantly, sound travels through structures that are opaque to light such as blood and dense cataract.

Endocrinologist

• Diabetic Retinopathy
  Abnormal Blood Vessels occur in macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, central or branch vein occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity. Abnormal blood vessels can result in severe visual loss. Anti-VEGF medications including Avastin, Lucentis, and Eylea reverse the growth of abnormal blood vessels and often prevent vision loss.

Radiologist

• Ultrasound
  OCT uses light to image ocular tissue in a cross-sectional view. It has a resolution of 2-3 microns; 100 times finer than traditional ocular imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, and CT.
• MRI
• Computed Tomography
  Penetrating Trauma occurs when an object penetrates the eye. CT scan is usually indicated to determine if a foreign body remains in the eye. Removal of the foreign body with forceps or magnet is performed. Closure of the lacerated eye is necessary to preserve the eye integrity and to restore vision.